(C) In Italy, the Lottizzazione model (or, for shorter, the L model) states that public broadcasters need to represent political pluralism through explicit affiliation with political parties. For example, the first channel (RAI 1) is associated with the Christian Democrats, the second (RAI 2) is tied to the Secular Parties, and so on. Alternative models, such as the BBC model, keep public broadcasters separate from affiliation with political parties to represent political pluralism